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salt concentrations cause immediate, acute reductions in flow-mediated dilation (the ability of blood vessels to widen when blood demand increases). This induces chronic vascular stiffness, elevates blood pressure, and creates micro-abrasions in the vessel walls where plaque can easily take root.
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Ultra-Processed Foods (UPFs)
Ultra-processed foods are a triple threat to the circulatory system. Laden with refined industrial seed oils, high-fructose corn syrup, chemical preservatives, and excessive sodium, UPFs drive metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and visceral adiposity. Insulin resistance itself is a primary driver of endothelial dysfunction, shutting down the body’s natural nitric oxide production. -
Nicotine (Smoking and Vaping)
Nicotine






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